EPR/81/INF. 6
September 1981
| FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS | ESN: FAO/WHO/UNU EPR/81/INF. 6 September 1981 |
| WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION | |
| THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY |
INFORMATION PAPER No. 6
Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation on
Energy and Protein Requirements
Rome, 5 to 17 October 1981
PROTEIN-ENERGY REQUIREMENTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
RESULTS OF INTERNATIONALLY COORDINATED RESEARCH
by
W.M. Rand, R. Uauy, N.S. Scrimshaw
University of California
Berkeley, USA
1. Introduction and background
2.1 Standardization of laboratory determinations
2.2 Skin and miscellaneous losses
2.3 Standard UNU short-term protocol
2.5 Very short-term balanced studies
5. Protein-energy interactions
5.1 At “safe level” of protein intake
5.2 At present estimates of energy requirements
6. Nitrogen balance studies in children
RESEARCH PAPERS
Methodology
Dermal Nitrogen Losses in Young Japanese Men in Various
Seasons
G. Inoue, T. Yamamoto, and K. Kishi
Patterns in Urinary Nitrogen Experiments in Long-Term
Studies with Constant Protein Intake
W.M. Rand
(Long-term Nitrogen Balance Studies)
S. Margen
Investigation Into Short-term Procedure to Evaluate
Protein Quality in Adult Human Subjects
N.S. Scrimshaw, W.M. Rand, Z. Ho, V.R. Young, and E. Murray
Additional Studies on Very Short-term Procedures to
Evaluate Protein Quality in Adult Human Subjects
R. Bressani, D.A. Navarrete, and O. Gutiérrez
Adult Protein Requirement - Standard Protocol
Assessment of Protein-Energy Needs of Indian Adults Using
Short-term Nitrogen Balance Methodology
K.N. Agarwal, B.D. Bhatia, D.K. Agarwal, and R. Shanker
Protein Requirements of Chinese Male Adults
X. Chen, T. Yin, X. Yang, J. Bai, and Z. Huang
Protein Requirements of Egyptian Women
M.A. Hussein
Nitrogen Balances of Young Turkish Adults on Graded
Levels of Protein Intake
I. Ozalp, M. Ozgüç, S. Tokol, G. Köksal, N. Tasci,
and G. Soysal
Human Protein Requirements in Young Adult College Men in
Nigeria
T. Atinmo, B. Osothimehin, E.O. Palmer, and E.A. Bamigboye
The Protein Requirement of Brazilian Rural Workers:
Studies with a Rice and Bean Diet
J.E. Dutra de Oliveira and H. Vannucchi
Adult Protein Requirement - Long-term Studies
A Study of Nitrogen Balance in Korean Males: Effects of
Long-term Feeding of Local Diet
J. Ju
Long-term Evaluation of the Adequacy of Habitual Diets to
Provide Protein Needs for Adult Thai Men
K. Tontisirin, K. Thongprasert, and A. Valyasevi
Long-term Protein Requirement of Adult Filipinos Consuming
Local Diets at Two Levels of Energy Intakes
C. Intengan
Long-term Evaluation of the Capacity of a Mixed Chilean
Diet to Meet the Protein-Energy Requirements of Young
Adult Males
E. Yañez and R. Uauy
Adult Protein Requirements - Large Samples
Nitrogen Requirements in Young Male Adults Fed a Mexican
Rural Diet
H. Bourges
(Large-sample study in Turkey)
I. Ozalp
Short-term Evaluation of the Capacity of the Chilean
Mixed Diet to Meet Protein/Energy Needs of a Group of
Young Adult Males
R. Uauy, E. Yañez, N. Velasco, and J.I. Egaña
Energy Expenditure
Dietary Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure of Women in
Rural Guatemala
J.S. McGuire and B. Torun
Energy Expenditure, Dietary Intake, and Pattern of Daily
Activity in the Philippines: Laguna Rice Farmers and
Shoemakers and Housewives
P. E. De Guzman
The Energy Expenditure of Three Categories of Laborers in
Southern China
Z. Ho
Protein-Energy Interactions
Energy Intakes and Protein Requirements of Adult Thai
Men
K. Tontisirin, K. Thongprasert, and A. Valyasevi
(Guatamalan children)
B. Torun
Effect of Different Intakes of Calories on the Nitrogen
Intake for Nitrogen Equilibrium with Habitual Diets Based
on Corn and Beans
D.A. Navarrete, R. Bressani, and R. Sibrián
(Jamaican children - turnover studies)
A. Jackson
Nitrogen Balance in Children
Protein Needs of Chilean Pre-school Children Fed Milk and
Soy Protein Isolate Diets
J. I. Egaña, M. Fuentes, and R. Uauy
Protein Requirements of Filipino Children 22–29 Months
Consuming Local Diets
C. Intengan
Long-term Study on the Adequacy of Usual Thai Weaining
Food for Young Children
K. Tontisirin, K. Thongprasert, and A. Valyasevi
Other Data
(Bangladesh children - recovery from diarrhoea)
A. Molla
Effect of Dietary Fiber on Digestibility of Nutrients
of a Typical Chilean Diet
J. Espinosa, O. Brunser, M. Araya, J.I. Egaña, I.
Pacheco, S. Krause
Protein Digestibility of Common Beans; the Role of
Polyphenolic Compounds
R. Bressani, D.A. Navarrete, E. Hernádez, and L.G. Elías
Obligatory Nitrogen Losses in Young Nigerian Adults
T. Atinmo, M.A. Hussain, A. Omololu, B.O. Osotimehin,
E.O. Palmer, and E.A. Bamigboye
(Obligatory nitrogen losses in the USSR)
Vysotsky
Growth Velocity of Adolescent Girls
W.M. Rand and L.R. Zacharias
Accelerated Recovery from Undernutrition in Children
Attending a Food Program
M. E. Río, N. Piazza, H. García, and A. Merlo
APPENDICES
Appendix 1
Report on the First Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Energy Intake and Protein Requirements Held at The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 12–14 October 1977
Appendix 2
Report on the Informal Gathering of Investigators to Review the Collaborative Research Programme on Protein Requirements and Energy Intake Held at The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 16–18 January 1980
This document represents the proceedings of a one-week workshop held 10–14 August 1981 in Berkeley, California. It was organized by the International Union of Nutritional Sciences Committee I/11 on protein-energy requirements under the chairmanship of Dr. Benjamin Torun and financed by the United Nations University (UNU) in cooperation with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The focus was on research sponsored by UNU and by the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA) through FAO and WHO and completed since the May 1980 protein-energy workshop held at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Papers summarizing this research were presented by the investigators and are included here. The findings were discussed during the week, and summaries of the discussions, prepared during the workshop by the participants, form the basis of the commentary section of this report. Limitations of time during the workshop did not allow resolution or even concensus to be reached on many of the fundamental questions raised. The guideline for this document, as for the workshop itself, was the relevance of the research results to resolving the general problem of estimating protein-energy requirements under prevailing conditions. It was not the purpose of this meeting to arrive at specific requirements.